Conceptual Framework   

Figure 1 presents the overall conceptual framework for the project. It identifies the two important parties involved in this study—the teachers and the researchers. According to the research literature on curriculum innovation at the classroom level, the teacher is an important person in the curriculum implementation process (Fullan, 2007). In this study, the researchers working collaboratively with teachers to develop curriculum designs, implementation plans and assessment tools that promote students’ IL. Therefore the researchers and teachers take up the role of co-designers who design the curriculum and the role of producers who produce learning and teaching materials.

Figure 1, also illustrates that the successful implementation of the IL in various subject disciplines are results of the interaction between the intended and implemented curriculum at classroom level as well as various contextual factors at the school (meso) level.

Figure 1. Conceptual framework for the present study